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Organic farming is a holistic system of agricultural production and integrated, which optimize health and productivity of agro-ecosystem naturally, so it can produce enough food and fiber, quality, and sustainable.

In practice, organic farming is done by, among others:
1. Avoiding the use of seed / seedlings genetically modified (GMO = genetically modified organisms).
2. Avoiding the use of synthetic chemical pesticides. Control weeds, pests and diseases was done by mechanical, biological, and crop rotation.
3. Avoiding the use of growth regulators (growth regulator) and synthetic chemical fertilizers. Soil fertility and productivity enhanced and maintained by adding crop residues, animal manure, and natural mineral rocks, and planting of legumes and crop rotations.
4. Avoiding the use of growth hormone and synthetic additives in animal feed.

Benefits of Organic Farming

The enormous profits that can be learned from the development of organic agriculture is, among others:

1. Health

* To produce enough food, safe and nutritious to increase public health. The data show that organic farming practices can increase yield of vegetables up to 75% compared with conventional farming. In addition, organic agricultural products also have vitamin C, potassium, and beta carotene are higher.
* Creating a safe work environment and healthier for farmers, because farmers will be protected from exposure (exposure) pollution caused by the use of synthetic chemicals in agricultural production.
* Minimise all forms of pollution resulting from agricultural activities. Because organic agriculture: (1) Avoiding the use of synthetic chemicals and (2) Utilizing waste agricultural activities such as livestock manure and rice straw as compost.

2. Environment

a. Soil Quality

Maintain physical properties, chemical and biological good ground is important in organic farming. For that in organic farming, soil management, which preferred way to minimize erosion, improve soil organic matter content and to encourage both the quantity and diversity of biological soil.

In organic agriculture increase soil fertility without using synthetic chemical fertilizers. Instead use the technique – the technique as follows:

* Proper crop rotation, mixed cropping and the integration of crops with livestock.
* Increase soil microorganism populations through the use of organic fertilizers.
* Minimize the processing of land disturbing activity of soil biota.
* Maintain the soil is always covered with organic mulch.
* Avoiding excessive soil tillage on sloping land to prevent erosion.
* Using plants in the strip and intercropping.
* Avoid excessive grazing.
* Do not use synthetic chemicals that poison the soil microorganisms and soil structure damage.

b. Energy savings

The study shows that organic production systems use only 50-80% of energy for oil
produce each unit of food compared with conventional agricultural production systems. However, this does not apply to all systems of vegetable production and fruit.

c. Water Quality

Guarding water quality is very important efforts in sustainable agricultural systems (sustainable agriculture system). The fact indicates that ground water pollution (groundwater) and soil surface water (surface water) by nitrate and phosphate become a common thing happening in the agricultural area. Residues of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides as well as disease-causing bacteria such as Escherichia coli are also often detected in aquatic systems.

In the area of organic agriculture, water resources is maintained by avoiding agricultural practices that cause soil erosion and nutrient leaching, water contamination resulting from the use of chemicals. Animal waste that will be used for organic fertilizer is always carefully managed and composted before use. In addition, the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides are also prohibited in organic farming systems.

d. Air Quality

Organic farming proved to minimize global climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions (a greenhouse gas emission) in organic farming is lower than conventional farming. In organic farming does not use synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, so there is no emission of nitrogen oxides from these artificial fertilizers.

The use of crude oil were also lower resulting in lower emissions of carbon dioxide gas. More importantly, organic farming provides shelter (sinks) for carbon dioxide through increased organic matter content in soil and the closure of the surface soil with cover crops.

e. Waste Management

Organic farming practices reduce the amount of waste through recycling of waste into organic fertilizer. Cattle dung, straw and other agricultural wastes which have been considered waste, it is a matter which has value as a source of nutrients and organic materials for organic farming.

f. Biodiversity

Organic farming not only avoids the use of synthetic pesticides, but also able to create biodiversity. Practices such as rotational cropping, intercropping and soil conservation is processing things that can enhance biodiversity by providing a healthy habitat for many species ranging from microscopic fungi to large animals.

Organic farming does not use genetically engineered organisms (Enggineering Genetic Organism) or transgenic organisms (Genetically Modified Organism) and products for reasons of environmental safety, health and social. Such products are not needed because it may cause an unacceptable risk to the integrity of species.

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